human communication-small group communication

The small group is forming group and click is a natural part of life. There are four terms of forming group, purpose is similar purposes and reason. interdependence is individual depending on one another for common objective or to complement each other.  Organization of rules is individual in small groups has certain schemata to adhere to. Self perception as a group, is individual wanting to feel belonged to a larger group of common shared value, beliefs, liking s and mentality. Small group stages is opening > feed forward > business > feedback > closing.

Six reason of power in the small group. first is legitimate power is appointed group leader. second is referent power is when another person wishes to be like you or identified with you. Third is reward power is giving some positive reinforcement. Fourth is coercive power is negative reinforcement. Firth is expert power is establishing yourself as the expert in the context. Information power is establishing yourself as the person can communication inform the best.

Four types of small groups, idea generation groups, is brainstorming. About this group, dont criticize one another, strive for quantity, connive and extend ideas and develop the wildest ideas possible. Personal growth group as a support group. aim to help members cope with particular difficulties such as drug addict, not being assertive enough, having an alcoholic parent. Information sharing group is forms ideas and share information with one another. Problem solving group, stages of solving issues is define and analyze the problem, establish criteria for evaluating solutions, identify possible solutions, evaluate solutions, select solutions and test solutions.

Human communication- friends, lovers and families

 friendships an interpersonal relationship, must be mutually productive, characterized bu mutual positive regard. There are three type of friendship, first is the friendship of reciprocity, is share equally in giving receiving the benefits and rewards of the relationship. Second is the friendship of receptivity is one person is the primary giver, and one the primary receiver. Third is the friendship of association is there is no great  loyalty, no great trust, no great giving & receiving.

The purposes of friendship is utility purposes, affirmation, ego support, stimulation and security. development stages of friendship, first is initial contact & acquaintanceship is important to stay open and welcoming of the presence of your new acquaintance. Second is casual friendship, dyadic consciousness takes place. Third is close friendship, most intimate forms of togetherness.

Six type of love, eros, ludus, storge, pragma, manina  and agape. Eros is love that comes out physical attraction, beauty and appearance. Often sex and lust becomes the result. Ludus is the thrill of excitement and pleasure seeking, often only fulfill the need to have fun. Storge is the act of seeking for love but with the absence of passion and emotion in the process. Pragma is more concerned of the ability of the other partner and the benefits that they could gain from the relationship. Mania is the thrill of having and the same is depressed or worried of having love.Agape is loving another wit no favor expected in return .

Families is defined roles, recognition of responsibilities, shared history &  future and shared living space. Type of families is traditional couples, independent couples and separate couples.

human communication- interpersonal communication

Interpersonal is communication about more than 1 person involved. there have three type of principles. First is principles of turn-taking, as conversational turns, there is an active exchange of role of between speakers and listeners. Inside principles of turn taking include turn-maintaining, turn yielding, turn requesting and turn denying. Turn maintaining is speaker role to maintain conversational cues, example paralanguage and eye contact. Turn yielding is speaker done talking  and wished to listen, example  gestures and verbal. Turn requesting is listener wanna to speak. example butting and paralanguage. Turn denying is listener dont want continue this conversation. example, shaking head and looking away. Second is principles of dialogue is two person share messages to one another.   Last is principles of immediacy is consideration the relationship and intimacy of one another.

There have four kind, small talk, excuses and apologies, complimenting and advice. Small talk is we slowly introduce ourselves into a bigger issue or message. Complimenting and advice is message of praise. type of advice of interpersonal communication, explore options is to seek out alternatives. Expert advice is emphasize or deemphasize their beliefs and inclinations. Delay decision is delay their decision.

Contact is where people become aware of one another existence. Perceptual and interaction in this stages. Involvement is where people have tighter bonds and engagements with one another. testing and intensifying stage in this stages. Intimacy is where people have a deep and committed relationship with one another, make relationship grow strong , explicit displays of affection. Interpersonal commitment and social bonding in this stages. Deterioration is other communication factors such as temporal, cultural or societal context weakens the bond. Intrapersonal and interpersonal dissatisfaction become apparent in this stages. Repair is try to work things out. Intrapersonal and interpersonal repair take place. Dissolution is where bonds are broken. interpersonal and social separation takes place. 

A lot of theory of interpersonal communication, attraction theory, relationship rules theory, relationship dialectics theory, social penetration, social exchange theory and equity theory.

One of the most common example is jealousy. Different types of jealous, cognitive jealousy is suspicious thinking , worrying and exaggeration of thing that you think would occur. 

emotional jealousy is seeing someone you like react to smtg else that is out of your control or reach. Behavioral jealousy is responses changes that take place with the individual as a result of the envy and jealousu.

human communication- nonverbal messages

nonverbal communication is kind of communication without words including gestures, touch, raising your voice and so on. Suggestions to consider as study nonverbal communication is own nonverbal communication patterns, actions of yourself and others, draw conclusions, connect and relate, stand alone.
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That have a lot of function of nonverbal messages. First is integrating nonverbal and verbal messages, Its is accent, complement, contradict, regulate, repeat and substitute. Second one is forming and managing impressions, include be liked, be believed , avoid failure, secure help, hide faults, be followed and confirm self- image. Third is defining relationships are used in various of stages of relationships. Fourth is structuring conversation is we give and receive CUES. Firth is influencing and deceiving is deceiving or distracting others Sixth is express emotions is express emotions.

The channels of nonverbal communication is body messages, facial communication , eye communication, spatial messages, aftifactual communication, smell communication , touch communication, para language, silence and time communication, I will pick some of important channels of nonverbal communication, spatial messages. Edward Hall distinguishes four distance, its include intimate for comforting and protecting, personal is keeps you protected and untouched by other, social is social interaction and public is keep between and strangers. Paralanguage is the voca, nonverbal dimension of speech is like volume, rate, pitch, accent and vocalizations. Silence is allow for time to think, to hurts others, respond to threats, prevent communication and convey an emotional response.

Culture and nonverbal communication is represent about different cultures perceive non-verbal cues, especially hand gestures. Culture and facial expression are more indicative of what is publicly permissible. Example, in Asian people are shy and don't want to talk, but in US, they are open minded and friendly, they no mind to know one more friend. Culture and eye communication is example in japan, they rarely see eye to eye level when they greet the bow to each other. Culture and touch is being unaware of these differences can lead to cultural misunderstandings. Culture of paralanfuafe and silence is example in us silence is often interpreted negatively.

Human communication- The self

          The self is the discussion and context of the individual. Also as the way in which communication and interpretation of messages takes place within the individual. There have four type of The Self, self-concept, self-awareness, self-esteem and self-disclosure. 

               Self-concept is how you feel and think about yourself. The areas that affect self-concept: social comparison, other's images of you, self interpretations & evaluations and cultural teaching. Social comparison is we often compare and adjust our image and thinking with the way society acts and thinks. Other's images of you is compare ourselves to those around us. self interpretations & evaluations is standards  that applies to you ethical and moral reasoning, beliefs and comprehension and conformity of things around you. Cultural teachings is your culture instills in you a variety of beliefs, values, and attitudes about such thins as success. Self- awareness is a process of discovering your personal development and understanding. 

          Growing in self awareness: listen to others, increase your open self, seek information and dialogue with yourself. 

           Self- esteem is confidence or the level or trust or assurance to yourself. Self- disclosure is telling others about things that they wouldn't know about you. Advantages is gain confidence, be more truthful about yourself and make or strength friendships and relationships. Disadvantages is lost of friends and trust, additional pressure and burden and living with regret.