One is verbal message and another is non verbal message.Today we talk about verbal massage. Verbal is being an effective communicator requires more than knowing the rules of grammar and using describe your message or information to receiver.There are six principles of verbal messages. (1)1st is Message Meaning Are in People. Meaning to say we should understand that message meaning are channelled through people because different people may say different things, but mean the same thing or different people may say the same things but different meaning.(2)Next will be Message/Languages Are Denotative and Connotative. Denotative is meaning word's objective definition, the dictionary meaning and Connotative meaning a word's subjective or emotional meaning . The examples of connotative is snarl words(negative words) and purr words(positive words). (3) besides that will be Meaning Depend on Context/Abstraction.When you ask "How are you?" it can means hello or ask about your health.But somehow the meaning can be influenced by culture. Principle of Cooperation means in communicating people are engaged in a cooperative effort to help each other. The principle of cooperation includes four maxims.There are the maxims of quality(be truthful), the maxim of relation(relevant to the conversation), the maxim of manner(be clear), and the maxim of quantity(be informative). Principle of Peaceful Relations is keeping peace in a relationship takes precedence over expressing disagreement. Principle of Face-Saving is never embarrass anyone, especially in public. Principle of Self-Denigration is avoid taking credit for accomplishment to yourself, at the same time raise the image of other people. (4)Message Vary in Politeness. Politeness is universal across all cultures; however, differences exist concerning how politeness is defined, expressed, and honoured and directness usually lesser polite than indirectness because it allows people to express a desire without insulting or offending anyone to ask for compliments in a socially messages can be overly ambiguous and easily misunderstood. (5) Messages Vary in Assertiveness means that Assertive people are willing to asserts their own rights to speak their minds and welcome others' doing likewise. However assertiveness is not all the time desirable.The stage of communicating assertiveness is describe the problem, state how this problem affect you, propose solution, and confirm understanding. (6)Messages Can Deceive. For example lying is an act of sending messages with the intention of giving another person false information. the purpose of lying is Pro-Social Deception, Self-Enhancement Deception, Selfish Deception and Anti-Social Deception.
The first subtopic that lecturer thought us is Disconfirmation and Confirmation .It will affect by racism(language/message).In order to avoid racist is do not generalize and connect extremist attacks, avoid interacting with members of other races through stereotypes perpetuated by the media, avoid using derogatory terms for member of a particular race. Besides, Sexism (to practice or support favoritism that criticizes or having a bias towards a specific gender) is also a factor of disconfirmation and confirmation .What the people's initial thinking is Men is superior than women .The suggestion to avoid sexist is do not insult or attribute others according to gender bias, avoid using an generically, refrain from using he and his as generic. Instead, you can alternate pronoun, restructure your sentences to eliminate any reference go gander, or use he and she or him or her or rephrase to plural form. Heterosexism(attitudes, behaviors and language used to disparage gays and lesbians, language that presumes all people are heterosexual) is giving a very big confirmation and disconfirmation to them. to avoid the heterosexist language is avoiding offensive nonverbal mannerisms that parody stereotypes, avoiding "complimenting" gay men and lesbians on their heterosexual appearance., and avoiding assunming and individual gay person can speak for all gay people. Other than that ageism also one of the issue that the people discrimination against the old and against aging. In order to avoid the ageism is avoiding put off someone because she or he is older, being patient with older folks-they might just have a problem when listening, don't assume older people are not interested in relationship, and don't assume older people are not interested in the world around them.
How do we using verbal message effectively? (1) Message/language can symbolize reality which means messages are often used to represent the things events, situations or even the people around us. Therefore, we must be clear that an accurate message doesn't represent the reality, they only symbolizes reality.(2) Messages/language expresses both facts and inference which means messages are always infused with our emotions, thoughts, and feeling. (3) Messages/languages can be relatively static which means messages or words/terms used are formed as part of our judgment and perception, but how often do we 'update' our perception??? Such incidence is called a "static Evaluation" the tendency to retain an evaluation despite changes in a person of thing; failing to recognize the past does not necessarily dictate the present or the future.(4) Last will be messages/languages can obscure distinction which means messages can be confusing and can over generalize contexts and surrounding, blurring distinctions between people, objects and events. Therefore we should be focused on the perceived message, the individual and the context and not adopting extreme thinking and examples.
Monday, December 1, 2014
Wednesday, November 26, 2014
human communication-small group communication
The small group is forming group and click is a natural part of life. There are four terms of forming group, purpose is similar purposes and reason. interdependence is individual depending on one another for common objective or to complement each other. Organization of rules is individual in small groups has certain schemata to adhere to. Self perception as a group, is individual wanting to feel belonged to a larger group of common shared value, beliefs, liking s and mentality. Small group stages is opening > feed forward > business > feedback > closing.
Six reason of power in the small group. first is legitimate power is appointed group leader. second is referent power is when another person wishes to be like you or identified with you. Third is reward power is giving some positive reinforcement. Fourth is coercive power is negative reinforcement. Firth is expert power is establishing yourself as the expert in the context. Information power is establishing yourself as the person can communication inform the best.
Four types of small groups, idea generation groups, is brainstorming. About this group, dont criticize one another, strive for quantity, connive and extend ideas and develop the wildest ideas possible. Personal growth group as a support group. aim to help members cope with particular difficulties such as drug addict, not being assertive enough, having an alcoholic parent. Information sharing group is forms ideas and share information with one another. Problem solving group, stages of solving issues is define and analyze the problem, establish criteria for evaluating solutions, identify possible solutions, evaluate solutions, select solutions and test solutions.
Six reason of power in the small group. first is legitimate power is appointed group leader. second is referent power is when another person wishes to be like you or identified with you. Third is reward power is giving some positive reinforcement. Fourth is coercive power is negative reinforcement. Firth is expert power is establishing yourself as the expert in the context. Information power is establishing yourself as the person can communication inform the best.
Four types of small groups, idea generation groups, is brainstorming. About this group, dont criticize one another, strive for quantity, connive and extend ideas and develop the wildest ideas possible. Personal growth group as a support group. aim to help members cope with particular difficulties such as drug addict, not being assertive enough, having an alcoholic parent. Information sharing group is forms ideas and share information with one another. Problem solving group, stages of solving issues is define and analyze the problem, establish criteria for evaluating solutions, identify possible solutions, evaluate solutions, select solutions and test solutions.
Human communication- friends, lovers and families
friendships an interpersonal relationship, must be mutually productive, characterized bu mutual positive regard. There are three type of friendship, first is the friendship of reciprocity, is share equally in giving receiving the benefits and rewards of the relationship. Second is the friendship of receptivity is one person is the primary giver, and one the primary receiver. Third is the friendship of association is there is no great loyalty, no great trust, no great giving & receiving.
The purposes of friendship is utility purposes, affirmation, ego support, stimulation and security. development stages of friendship, first is initial contact & acquaintanceship is important to stay open and welcoming of the presence of your new acquaintance. Second is casual friendship, dyadic consciousness takes place. Third is close friendship, most intimate forms of togetherness.
Six type of love, eros, ludus, storge, pragma, manina and agape. Eros is love that comes out physical attraction, beauty and appearance. Often sex and lust becomes the result. Ludus is the thrill of excitement and pleasure seeking, often only fulfill the need to have fun. Storge is the act of seeking for love but with the absence of passion and emotion in the process. Pragma is more concerned of the ability of the other partner and the benefits that they could gain from the relationship. Mania is the thrill of having and the same is depressed or worried of having love.Agape is loving another wit no favor expected in return .
Families is defined roles, recognition of responsibilities, shared history & future and shared living space. Type of families is traditional couples, independent couples and separate couples.
The purposes of friendship is utility purposes, affirmation, ego support, stimulation and security. development stages of friendship, first is initial contact & acquaintanceship is important to stay open and welcoming of the presence of your new acquaintance. Second is casual friendship, dyadic consciousness takes place. Third is close friendship, most intimate forms of togetherness.
Six type of love, eros, ludus, storge, pragma, manina and agape. Eros is love that comes out physical attraction, beauty and appearance. Often sex and lust becomes the result. Ludus is the thrill of excitement and pleasure seeking, often only fulfill the need to have fun. Storge is the act of seeking for love but with the absence of passion and emotion in the process. Pragma is more concerned of the ability of the other partner and the benefits that they could gain from the relationship. Mania is the thrill of having and the same is depressed or worried of having love.Agape is loving another wit no favor expected in return .
Families is defined roles, recognition of responsibilities, shared history & future and shared living space. Type of families is traditional couples, independent couples and separate couples.
human communication- interpersonal communication
Interpersonal is communication about more than 1 person involved. there have three type of principles. First is principles of turn-taking, as conversational turns, there is an active exchange of role of between speakers and listeners. Inside principles of turn taking include turn-maintaining, turn yielding, turn requesting and turn denying. Turn maintaining is speaker role to maintain conversational cues, example paralanguage and eye contact. Turn yielding is speaker done talking and wished to listen, example gestures and verbal. Turn requesting is listener wanna to speak. example butting and paralanguage. Turn denying is listener dont want continue this conversation. example, shaking head and looking away. Second is principles of dialogue is two person share messages to one another. Last is principles of immediacy is consideration the relationship and intimacy of one another.
There have four kind, small talk, excuses and apologies, complimenting and advice. Small talk is we slowly introduce ourselves into a bigger issue or message. Complimenting and advice is message of praise. type of advice of interpersonal communication, explore options is to seek out alternatives. Expert advice is emphasize or deemphasize their beliefs and inclinations. Delay decision is delay their decision.
There have four kind, small talk, excuses and apologies, complimenting and advice. Small talk is we slowly introduce ourselves into a bigger issue or message. Complimenting and advice is message of praise. type of advice of interpersonal communication, explore options is to seek out alternatives. Expert advice is emphasize or deemphasize their beliefs and inclinations. Delay decision is delay their decision.
Contact is where people become aware of one another existence. Perceptual and interaction in this stages. Involvement is where people have tighter bonds and engagements with one another. testing and intensifying stage in this stages. Intimacy is where people have a deep and committed relationship with one another, make relationship grow strong , explicit displays of affection. Interpersonal commitment and social bonding in this stages. Deterioration is other communication factors such as temporal, cultural or societal context weakens the bond. Intrapersonal and interpersonal dissatisfaction become apparent in this stages. Repair is try to work things out. Intrapersonal and interpersonal repair take place. Dissolution is where bonds are broken. interpersonal and social separation takes place.
A lot of theory of interpersonal communication, attraction theory, relationship rules theory, relationship dialectics theory, social penetration, social exchange theory and equity theory.
One of the most common example is jealousy. Different types of jealous, cognitive jealousy is suspicious thinking , worrying and exaggeration of thing that you think would occur.
emotional jealousy is seeing someone you like react to smtg else that is out of your control or reach. Behavioral jealousy is responses changes that take place with the individual as a result of the envy and jealousu.
Tuesday, November 25, 2014
human communication- nonverbal messages
nonverbal communication is kind of communication without words including gestures, touch, raising your voice and so on. Suggestions to consider as study nonverbal communication is own nonverbal communication patterns, actions of yourself and others, draw conclusions, connect and relate, stand alone.
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That have a lot of function of nonverbal messages. First is integrating nonverbal and verbal messages, Its is accent, complement, contradict, regulate, repeat and substitute. Second one is forming and managing impressions, include be liked, be believed , avoid failure, secure help, hide faults, be followed and confirm self- image. Third is defining relationships are used in various of stages of relationships. Fourth is structuring conversation is we give and receive CUES. Firth is influencing and deceiving is deceiving or distracting others Sixth is express emotions is express emotions.
The channels of nonverbal communication is body messages, facial communication , eye communication, spatial messages, aftifactual communication, smell communication , touch communication, para language, silence and time communication, I will pick some of important channels of nonverbal communication, spatial messages. Edward Hall distinguishes four distance, its include intimate for comforting and protecting, personal is keeps you protected and untouched by other, social is social interaction and public is keep between and strangers. Paralanguage is the voca, nonverbal dimension of speech is like volume, rate, pitch, accent and vocalizations. Silence is allow for time to think, to hurts others, respond to threats, prevent communication and convey an emotional response.
Culture and nonverbal communication is represent about different cultures perceive non-verbal cues, especially hand gestures. Culture and facial expression are more indicative of what is publicly permissible. Example, in Asian people are shy and don't want to talk, but in US, they are open minded and friendly, they no mind to know one more friend. Culture and eye communication is example in japan, they rarely see eye to eye level when they greet the bow to each other. Culture and touch is being unaware of these differences can lead to cultural misunderstandings. Culture of paralanfuafe and silence is example in us silence is often interpreted negatively.
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That have a lot of function of nonverbal messages. First is integrating nonverbal and verbal messages, Its is accent, complement, contradict, regulate, repeat and substitute. Second one is forming and managing impressions, include be liked, be believed , avoid failure, secure help, hide faults, be followed and confirm self- image. Third is defining relationships are used in various of stages of relationships. Fourth is structuring conversation is we give and receive CUES. Firth is influencing and deceiving is deceiving or distracting others Sixth is express emotions is express emotions.
The channels of nonverbal communication is body messages, facial communication , eye communication, spatial messages, aftifactual communication, smell communication , touch communication, para language, silence and time communication, I will pick some of important channels of nonverbal communication, spatial messages. Edward Hall distinguishes four distance, its include intimate for comforting and protecting, personal is keeps you protected and untouched by other, social is social interaction and public is keep between and strangers. Paralanguage is the voca, nonverbal dimension of speech is like volume, rate, pitch, accent and vocalizations. Silence is allow for time to think, to hurts others, respond to threats, prevent communication and convey an emotional response.
Culture and nonverbal communication is represent about different cultures perceive non-verbal cues, especially hand gestures. Culture and facial expression are more indicative of what is publicly permissible. Example, in Asian people are shy and don't want to talk, but in US, they are open minded and friendly, they no mind to know one more friend. Culture and eye communication is example in japan, they rarely see eye to eye level when they greet the bow to each other. Culture and touch is being unaware of these differences can lead to cultural misunderstandings. Culture of paralanfuafe and silence is example in us silence is often interpreted negatively.
Saturday, November 15, 2014
Human communication- The self
The self is the discussion and context of the individual. Also as the way in which communication and interpretation of messages takes place within the individual. There have four type of The Self, self-concept, self-awareness, self-esteem and self-disclosure.
Self-concept is how you feel and think about yourself. The areas that affect self-concept: social comparison, other's images of you, self interpretations & evaluations and cultural teaching. Social comparison is we often compare and adjust our image and thinking with the way society acts and thinks. Other's images of you is compare ourselves to those around us. self interpretations & evaluations is standards that applies to you ethical and moral reasoning, beliefs and comprehension and conformity of things around you. Cultural teachings is your culture instills in you a variety of beliefs, values, and attitudes about such thins as success. Self- awareness is a process of discovering your personal development and understanding.
Growing in self awareness: listen to others, increase your open self, seek information and dialogue with yourself.
Self- esteem is confidence or the level or trust or assurance to yourself. Self- disclosure is telling others about things that they wouldn't know about you. Advantages is gain confidence, be more truthful about yourself and make or strength friendships and relationships. Disadvantages is lost of friends and trust, additional pressure and burden and living with regret.
Sunday, October 26, 2014
Human communication- listening
Everyday we meet up a lot of people, we contact to different kind of people. So, we have to important skill in listening. Listening is the process of receiving, constructing meaning from and responding to spoken and/ or non-verbal messages. For example, when we have to order food, between customer and staff, they must have good communication and listening. If not, they will fight cause of one bowl of noodles.
Furthermore, have 5 stages of listening. First, receiving is focus attention on the speaker , avoid distraction in the environment, refrain from thinking about how you will respond and maintain your role of listener by not interrupting.Second, understanding is relate the speaker's information to what you already know, see the speaker's messages from the speaker's point of view and ask questions or clarification and rephrase speaker's ideas to facilitate mutual understanding.
Third , remembering is identify speaker's main ideas and supporting evidence, summarize messages in ways that are easy for you to retain and repeat names and key concepts to yourself. Fourth, evaluating is resist evaluation until fully understand the speaker's point, assume the speaker is a person of goodwill, distinguish facts from inferences and opinions and identify any biases, self-interest, or prejudices that may influence the speaker's messages. fifth,responding as feedback. is express support for the speaker by using varied back channeling cues, express support for the speaker in your final responses and take ownership of responses by using 'I' messages.
This is what i think important of chapter 3.
Monday, October 6, 2014
Human communication-Perception
Before the class start, we revise what we learned last week. As what is communication, the areas of human communication. The areas of human communication include intrapersonal communication, interpersonal communication, small group & organizational communication, public communication and mass communication. But I just remember intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, first is about talk to mirror and second one is interpersonal is talk to another. Sorry Sir, i just remember this two, i will revise it all. And also the components of human communication and the purpose of human communication.
Basn Based on this picture, have many answer for how many leg of the elephant? Someone think that have 4, 6, 8. In human communication, we called perception. Perception is the impression that others give you and what you project to others. The process of perception first is the sense organs are stimulated, second is organized according to various principles an third is subjective process. The first stage is about you perceived smtg meaningful and not perceiving what is not meaningful. The second stage have proximity and closure principle. Proximity is people or msg are close to another one. Closure is smtg is in reality unclosed or incomplete. The third stage is involving evaluations on the part of the perceiver.
In ad In addition, have 5 categorise about the processes influencing perception. First is implicit personality theory, the halo effect, means individuals who have good traits and another one is reverse halo effect means individuals who have bad traits. The self-fulfilling prophecy is which one make prediction and then proceeds to fulfil, also known as pygmalion effect. Primacy-recency is use early information to provide yourself with a general idea of what a person is like. Consistency is you expect certain things to go tgt and other things not to go tgt.
Attri Attribution is the process through which you try discover why people do what they do and even why you do what you do.
Principles of
attribution
1.Consensus (do other people
behave the same way as the person on whom I am focusing?)
2.Consistency (do this person
repeatedly behaves the same way in similar situation?)
3.Distinctiveness (do this person act
similar ways in different situations?)
4.Controllability (do this person was in
control of his/her behavior? )
Last part is about the critical perception, include analyse impressions, check perceptions, reduce uncertainty and increase cultural sensitivity.
Tuesday, September 30, 2014
Human communication is a more attractive subject for me. It teaching peoples how to communicate by use body, facial, spoken language and emotions. On the another hands, this subject also good for student as it improve student for future career in the adverting, public relations, Corporate Communication and Marketing. Communication build up by different type of ‘ingredient’ as source-receiver, messages, feedback & feed forward, channels, noise and effects.
In addition, it also includes social psychological, physical, cultural, temporal context. The more popular of human context is cultural context, it present hand styles of different country. The last part is about the purposes of human communication, is to help, discover, relate, persuade and play for communicate between people.
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